Answer: We have reached these conclusions but after a heartfelt discussion from both students and teacher side. Students were raised many important questions and Madam makes the classroom itself as a democratic classroom. For every conclusion many arguments were taken and many more examples of different countries were given in madam's class.
Finally the following conclusions were drawn:
Answer: Even though democracy is accompanied by many pressures and demands from everywhere the decisions are being taken by consensus and all people opinions are also respected. And different regions, religions, castes, beliefs and climates of varying capacity bring different kind of pressures in every current minute. Democracy should answer all these problems to satisfy all sections of people. Still, Democracy is the best form of government for ages. It gives importance to the voice of all sections of society. It pressurizes the sitting government for well being of all people.
Answer: The government knows about me and our family through the following ways:
Answer: The sources of information for us about the government are as follows
Answer: Democracy is a better form of government when compared to non-democratic form of government. A democratic regimes is a legitimate government and is much better than dictatorship.
A democratic government provides equal rights to all members of a nation.
A democratic government is a transparent government.
A democratic government is people’s own government hence, improves the quality of decision making.
Answer:
(i) Of course, the gains of economic growth should be equally distributed among the citizens so as to make an economically even society. Also this would be as per one of the basis causes of democracy i.e., economic justice.
(ii) The poor can get a voice for a better share in a nation only when this group is given proper representation and chances to participate in the decision making.
(iii) The poorer countries should get united to fight for the cause. Only then, they will be able to get their share. At the same time, they will have to take initiatives to strengthen their internal democracy and exploit their own available natural resources.
Answer:
(i) On the basis of economic performance, dictatorial regimes have performed much better in last 50 years. The democratic regimes witnessed 3.95 per cent growth rate on an average while the dictatorial regimes 4.42 per cent.
To our surprise the poor countries under democracy have obtained a better growth rate (4.28 per cent) than all democratic regimes (3.95 per cent). Overall, there is not much difference between the two forms of government so far as economic growth rate is concerned.
The same is true with regard to distribution of national income. For most countries top 20 per cent of their population fetch more than 50 per cent of national income while bottom 20 per cent people have less than 10 per cent share in national income. This shows deep unequal distribution of national income.
(ii) But, democracy has many other positive things that lack in dictatorship or other regimes, so I will go with democracy.
Answer:
Democracy is a rule of the majority means that rule by majority views. It means that in case of every decision or in case of every election, different persons and groups may and can form majority. So, to say that democracy must be a rule of the poor will give rise to a further division of society on economic lines and lead to conflict. Democracy remains democracy only as long as every citizen has a chance of being in majority at some point of time.
Answer:
When a democracy tries to accommodate social diversity, it does not mean it ensures that people do not break each other’s head. In fact, democracy teaches us to respect these differences and evolve mechanisms to negotiate them. We should be happy that we can live together with dignity and freedom, with all our differences only when there is a democratic set up.
Answer:
(i) Democratic politics when based on race, religion, caste or any other existing social division further divides the society and leads to bloodshed. This is not healthy for democracy itself.
(ii) On the contrary, when the existing divisions are minimized through democratic means on the basis of moral and prudential reasons, it contributes in the development of each and every class of the society. It makes an environment where people can grow and prosper together.
Answer:
(i) The cartoon relates to inequality that women face today all over the world. This reflects insecurity to women’s dignity. The sentences from this section which connect to the cartoon:
(ii) The graph shows that even after many complaints against it, democracy has been the most acclaimed form of government in the South Asian nations. The sentence from this section which connects to the graph:
Answer: Democracy produces an accountable, responsive and legitimate government in the ways as mentioned below:
(A) Accountability :
In a democracy, government is accountable to its people when decision-making process is based on norms and procedures. A citizen may know about the procedure process followed in the decision-making. It is known as transparency. In India Right to Information is an example of holding government accountable. In non-democratic government there is no such accountability. But whatever be the case it can be said that the democratic governments are better than non-democratic regimes.
(B) Responsive government:
Democratic governments are expected to be attentive to the needs and demands of the people and are largely free of corruption. But there are cases of corruption in democratic countries. At the same time, there is nothing to show that non- democratic government are less corrupt or more sensitive to the people.
(C) Legitimate government :
In this respect democracy is better than other non-democratic governments. It is people’s own government. People wish to be ruled by representatives elected by them. They also believe that democracy is suitable for their country.
Thus there is an overwhelming support for the idea of democracy all over the world. In addition to this democracy’s ability to generate its own support is itself an outcome that cannot be ignored.
Answer: Differences must be respected and there should be mechanism to negotiate differences. Democracy is best suited to reduce this outcome. Ability to handle social differences, divisions and conflicts is possible only in democracies.
To accommodate social diversities in the ways as
mentioned below :
Democracies usually develop a procedure to conduct their competition. The Belgian leaders recognised the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities. For example, the constitution prescribes the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government as well as Brussel’s government.
Differences must be respected and there should be mechanism to negotiate differences. Democracy is best suited to reduce this outcome. Ability to handle social differences, divisions and conflicts is possible only in democracies.
But for this democracy must fulfill two conditions as mentioned below :
Answer:
(a) It is not correct.
A lot of expenditure is incurred on elections in a democracy but regular, fair and free elections make democracy a popular form of government.
Poor need dictatorship to become rich is not correct. For example, in African countries, where military dictatorships have been established, the poor have not become rich.
In Pakistan and Bangladesh too, the condition of the poor is far from satisfactory.
A poor country can be a democratic country such as India where democracy has been successful since its independence.
(b) ) It is correct to state that democracy cannot reduce inequality of incomes between different citizens. Democracy provides political equality i.e. right to vote.
Thus in actual life the democracies have not been successful in reducing economic in-equalities. For example in India, the poor constitute a large population of our voters and no party will like to lose their votes. The situation in Bangladesh is more than half of its population lives in poverty. People in several poor countries are now dependent on the rich countries even for food supplies.
(c) I do not agree with the view that the government in poor countries should spend less on poverty reduction, health, education and spend more on industries and infrastructure. The governments should spend more on poverty reduction, health and education due to the reasons as mentioned below :
The poverty eradication programmes help the poor directly. For example poverty alleviation programmes such as NREGA help them directly.
The opening of health centers will enable the poor to get health facilities in their localities. A healthy person can earn more and thus, in turn, will improve their standard of living.
Education too will improve the condition of the poor. An educated person i.e., engineer, doctor, lawyer, IT professional not only can earn more but also help in improving the economy of the country.
On the other hand if more money is spent on industries and infrastructure, it may help the industrialists more than the poor.
(d) It is correct to say that in democracy, all citizens have one vote, which means that there is absence of any domination and conflict. In democracy under universal adult franchise all citizens have right to vote without any discrimination on account of caste, creed and religion. There is no domination of upper class voters over the lower class voters.
Answer:
(a) The Challenge relates to social diversity because of social divisions in the country. To deepen democracy there should be law banning discrimination on account of caste, religion or other factors.
(b) There is a challenge of poverty. In this situation, the government should set up an organisation to look after the interests of the farmers. They should be given financial help or loans at nominal rate of interest. Irrigation and other facilities should be provided to them.
(c) Dignity and freedom of the citizens has been challenged in the present case.
To avoid such fake encounters there should be transparency in the working of the government departments including police department. The culprits should be punished even if they occupy a higher post in any government department.
Answer: (D) the idea of political inequality.
Answer: (D) equal treatment before law.
Answer: (B) inequalities exist in democracies.
Answer:
(a) Nannu’s example shows that ordinary people should be aware of their rights. They should exercise those rights without any fear as has been done by Nannu.
(b) Nannu’s action has a significant effect on the officials who not only made his ration card but also offered him a cup of tea at the office of the Food and Supply Officer. He was given proper respect. However, the Food and Supply Officer requested him to withdraw his application because his ration card had been prepared.
(c) My parents also had the same bitter experience when they went to electricity department. The government officials do not bother about the requests of the people. In case of poor and disadvantaged it is much more worse. But now with the introduction of Right to Information, things would change. There will be more efficiency and transparency in the functioning of the government departments.